History of Turkey

History of Turkey

Old Turkey; included Anatolia, Kurdistan and Armenia, after the fall of the Hittites in 1178 BC; It was strengthened in the west coast by being integrated into the Persian Empire. Anatolians were divided into different satrapies under the supervision of Iran's central commanders. Anatolia side played a very crucial role in the history of Turkey. Most of Turkey today’s territory fell into the hands of the Byzantine Empire in the past. After Byzantine’s the Seljuk Turkmens were able to control this region, who were founded by Tughrel Bey in 1037. They played a very important role in merging Persian and Turkish culture and even exported Iranian culture to Anatolia.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Ottoman Empire; With Suleiman taking the lead, he was able to reach the peak of his power in the history of Turkey. At that time, various battles took place over the Mediterranean Sea, the main one of which was the battle of the Ottomans against the Portuguese. Also, the Ottomans were at war with the Iranians over territorial disputes.

History of Turkey

The history of Turkey can be divided into 4 general parts:

1. Ancient times.

2. Byzantine Empire.

3. The Ottoman Empire.

4. Republic of Turkey.

Ancient times

Modern Turkey or the Anatolian Peninsula; In ancient times, it was dominated by "Lodia" and "Ionia" until these states were conquered by the extinct Achaemenid Cyrus the Great around 500 years BC. Then in 333, after the invasion of Alexander the Great, Asia Minor fell to the Seleucids, and then Romans. Byzantine Empire:

In 395 AD, the Roman Empire expanded and Constantine chose the city of Byzantium (the same as Istanbul today) as the capital of the center of the Eastern Roman Empire. At that time, this city was named "Constantinople" and Eastern Rome, or the Byzantine Empire, conquered this city and this was the beginning of the division of the Roman Empire into two eastern and western parts.

In 463 AH, Muslim Seljuk Turkomans, under the command of Aleb Arslan; had went to war with the Byzantine Empire in Eastern Rome and were able to remove this region from the Roman Empire with the defeat of Romanus IV. Therefore, the people in that region became Muslim and the Turkish language penetrated there. The western half of Turkey remained under the control of the Byzantine Empire.

The Ottoman Empire

After the Seljuk conquests, Muslim tribes migrated from eastern Iran to Asia. These tribes gradually formed small local governments, one of the most famous tribes was the "Qai" tribe. This tribe was able to establish a government called Ottoman in 1300 AD under the leadership of "Othman" near the city of Ankara. later, for 150 years, the Ottoman government managed to capture most of Anatolia.

At the beginning of the 9th century, Timur Lang defeated Bayezid Yildirim “Ottoman Sultan”. He captured many people to be able to escape this area. A major part of Turkey was formed by Shiites.

In 832, Sultan Muhammad Fatih was able to end the 1000-year Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) and conquered Constantinople (Constantine), which was the capital of Eastern Rome. Later, he renamed this city to Istanbul. Sultan Selim I, nicknamed Yavuz was able to overthrow the Ottoman government in the history of Turkey and converted it to become an empire. He became the king in early 9th century and created many libraries in Turkey. Sultan Selim's son brought the Ottoman Empire to its peak in 893, but after him; This empire was weakened.

Republic of Turkey

The Ottoman Empire was defeated by the British in the First World War, and Mustafa Kemal Pasha due to the organization of the national resistance against foreign countries; He became the national champion of Turkey. The Republic of Turkey was founded by Atatürk in (1923) based on the "separation of religion from politics" and recorded in the history of Turkey. He was the president of Turkey for 15 years, later he mixed the Turkish language with Latin letters and was able to lead Turkey towards Western culture, which was considered a new era for this country.

"Esmet Inonu" during the one-party era as a trustee and supporter of Atatürk; they were able to display a nationalist political authority that was not afraid to abandon Islam and racism. After the passing of this era of monoculture in 1950, The Democratic Party of the opposition political group took power. During this period, there were many coups in different years, among them was the Greek coup to seize Cyprus, which was prevented by the intervention of Turkish military forces against Greece.

Turkey became a member of the United Nations in 1945 and became a member of NATO in 1952. By implementing reforms, the government of this country has been trying to consolidate and strengthen its democracy and economy to become a member of the European Union.